CETYL ALCOHOL

Effective facial cleansing is essential for removing dirt, oil, and impurities without compromising the skin barrier and hydration. However, many conventional cleansers contain harsh surfactants that may strip the skin of its natural lipids, leading to dryness, irritation, and barrier disruption. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a cleansing lotion containing cetyl alcohol and sodium cocoyl apple amino acids in eliminating skin surface impurities while preserving skin barrier function in healthy adult subjects with diverse skin types, including dry, oily, sensitive, combination, and normal. This open-label, interventional study enrolled 27 participants, all of whom completed the 30-day study. The product's effectiveness was assessed through key clinical and instrumental evaluations, focusing on skin surface impurities by assessing porphyrin levels (size, value, and quantity) and skin tone, along with hydration, barrier function, and overall dry skin score. After 30 days of use, significant improvements were observed across all parameters. Skin surface impurities reduced, as evidenced by porphyrin size, quantity, and values reduced to 0.29 ± 0.23, 7.11 ± 4.96, and 130.30 ± 16.28, respectively. Overall skin tone improved to 22.78 ± 14.58, skin hydration improved to 46.07 ± 8.47, and barrier function improved to 9.27 ± 1.83, with all changes being statistically significant (p < 0.0001). No adverse event was reported during the conduct of the study. The soap-free cleansing lotion demonstrated clinical efficacy and excellent tolerability, effectively removing skin impurities while maintaining and enhancing skin hydration and maintaining the skin barrier function and overall skin appearance without causing irritation. These findings support its potential as a safe, evidence-based dermatological care, reinforcing its primary claims of effective cleansing and promoting visibly fresher and healthier skin.

Propolis, produced bybees, is composed of several biologically relevant phenolic compounds with known analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, wound healing, and antibacterial effects, having gained significant interest for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Niosomes, self-assembled vesicular nanosystems, are highly researched for topical delivery due to providing controlled and sustained release, protecting encapsulated compounds from degradation, improving stability, and having good biocompatibility and biodegradability. This work aimed to develop novel propolis-loaded niosomes with small and homogeneous particle size, high encapsulation efficiency, controlled release, adequate stability, relevant bioactivity, and high safety for topical application, for therapeutic and/or cosmetic purposes. Aided by quality by design (QbD) analysis, niosomes containing Tween 20, Kolliphor RH 40, cetyl alcohol, and/or cholesterol were produced by thin-film hydration followed by extrusion, with small particle size (between 100 and 200 nm), homogeneous distribution (PDI below 0.2), relevant ζ-potential (around -38 mV), good stability both under refrigeration and at room temperature, high encapsulation efficiency (ranging from 78.8 to 87.4%), and a controlled release profile, relevant to ensure prolonged bioactivity at the application site. Adequate concentration-dependent in vitro safety in keratinocytes and fibroblasts (up to 12.5 or 25 μg/mL) was demonstrated as well, with some niosomal formulations also showing a low irritative potential in a HET-CAM test, and relevant in vitro anti-inflammatory potential (IC 50 from 14.90 to 17.89 ng/mL). These novel nanoplatforms, containing a nature-derived hydrophobic compound with various relevant bioactivities, could serve as versatile and advantageous formulations in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic contexts of application.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a promising natural agent for treating psoriasis. CBD activity is attributed to inhibition of NF-kB, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A. The present study evaluated the anti-psoriatic effect of cannabidiol in lipid-stabilized nanoparticles (LSNs) using an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model in mice. CBD-loaded LSNs were stabilized with three types of lipids, Cetyl alcohol (CA), Lauric acid (LA), and stearic-lauric acids (SALA), and were examined in-vitro using rat skin and in-vivo using the IMQ-model. LSNs loaded with coumarin-6 showed a localized penetration depth of about 100 µm into rat skin. The LSNs were assessed by the IMQ model accompanied by visual (psoriasis area severity index; PASI), histological, and pro-psoriatic IL-17A evaluations. Groups treated with CBD-loaded LSNs were compared to groups treated with CBD-containing emulsion, unloaded LSNs, and clobetasol propionate, and to an untreated group. CBD-loaded LSNs significantly reduced PASI scoring compared to the CBD emulsion, the unloaded LSNs, and the untreated group (negative controls). In addition, SALA- and CA-containing nanoparticles significantly inhibited IL-17A release, showing a differential response: SALA > CA > LA. The data confirms the effectiveness of CBD in psoriasis therapy and underscores LSNs as a promising platform for delivering CBD to the skin.

In the present study, the mesomorphic phase and internal structure of sucrose fatty acid ester (S1670) with cetyl alcohol mixed in different proportions was studied and assessed, within common emulsion system of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. To characterize the system's colloidal structure the following physicochemical techniques were used: polarization microscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), continual and oscillatory rheology and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Ultimately, it was well established that there was a predominant and stable α-crystalline gel structure, formed with sucrose fatty acid ester (S1670) and cetyl alcohol, in the pseudo quarter-phase system (including squalane and aqua). In addition, the optimum ratio for α-crystalline gel formation was found to be around 61.50:38.50 (S1670 to Cetyl alcohol). Moreover, as it deviates from the critical point within a controllable range, although identical α-gel (α-form hydrated crystal) continues to exist, yet the strength and proportion in whole sample decrease with the expansion of deviation. The decent stability (which was derived from the dismatch between the lipophilic chains and the intensive hydration of -OH from S1670) and the agreeable rheological properties of the above α-gel suggest wide application in cosmetics and pharmacy in the future.

This study focuses on the preparation, physicopharmaceutical and mechanical characterization of reduced glutathione tripeptide loaded niosome containing emulgels as a novel nanocosmeceutical product. Prepared emulgel formulations were mainly composed of oily phase containing different lipids such as glycerine dibehenate, cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, etc., and aqueous phase containing Carbopol934® as gelling agent. Niosomal lipidic vesicles prepared from Span 60 and cholesterol were subsequently incorporated into optimum emulgel formulations. The pH, viscosity, and textural/mechanical properties of emulgels were examined before and after the incorporation of niosomes. The viscoelasticity and morphological characterization were performed on the final formulation before the packed formulation's microbiological stability test. The hardness and compressibility results ensured easy removal of the emulgel from the container. Due to the carboxyl groups of Carbopol934®, moderate adhesiveness with good cohesiveness was achieved. The rheological characteristics of the emulgels were estimated by oscillatory testing and the data fitted with the Herschel-Bulkley model. Thus, the viscoelastic properties and shear-thinning flow of emulgels were demonstrated. The final formulation was microbiologically stable, and pathogens or skin-irritating allergens were not detected. An anti-aging cosmeceutical preparation containing glutathione tripeptide loaded lipid-based niosome dispersion, suitable for topical use due to its textural and viscosity properties, was successfully produced.

This report presents a nanoparticulate platform for cannabidiol (CBD) for topical treatment of inflammatory conditions. We have previously shown that stabilizing lipids improve the encapsulation of CBD in ethyl cellulose nanoparticles. In this study, we examined CBD release, skin permeation, and the capability of lipid-stabilized nanoparticles (LSNs) to suppress the release of IL-6 and IL-8. The nanoparticles were stabilized with cetyl alcohol (CA), stearic acid (SA), lauric acid (LA), and an SA/LA eutectic combination (SALA). LSN size and concentration were measured and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro release of loaded CBD, and skin permeability. IL-6 and IL-8 secretions from TNF-α-induced HaCaT cells were monitored following different LSN treatments. CBD released from the LSNs in dispersion at increasing concentrations of polysorbate 80 showed non-linear solubilization, which was explained by recurrent precipitation. A significant high release of CBD in a cell culture medium was shown from SALA-stabilized nanoparticles. Skin permeation was >30% lower from SA-stabilized nanoparticles compared to the other LSNs. Investigation of the CBD-loaded LSNs' effect on the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from TNF-α-induced HaCaT cells showed that nanoparticles stabilized with CA, LA, or SALA were similarly effective in suppressing cytokine release. The applicability of the CBD-loaded LSNs to treat topical inflammatory conditions has been supported by their dermal permeation and release inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Driven by the customers' growing awareness of environmental issues, the production of topical formulations based on sustainable ingredients is receiving widespread attention from researchers and the industry. Although numerous sustainable ingredients (natural, organic, or green chemistry-derived compounds) have been investigated, there is a lack of comparative studies between conventional ingredients and sustainable alternatives. In this study, olive oil (30 wt.%) and α-tocopherol (2.5 wt.%) containing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized with the bacterial fucose-rich polysaccharide FucoPol were formulated envisaging their validation as cosmetic creams. After formula composition design by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimized FucoPol-based emulsion was prepared with 1.5 wt.% FucoPol, 1.5 wt.% cetyl alcohol, and 3.0 wt.% glycerin. The resulting emulsions had an apparent viscosity of 8.72 Pa.s (measured at a shear rate 2.3 s -1 ) and droplet size and zeta potential values of 6.12 µm and -97.9 mV, respectively, which are within the values reported for cosmetic emulsified formulations. The optimized formulation displayed the desired criterium of a thin emulsion system, possessing the physicochemical properties and the stability comparable to those of commercially available products used in cosmeceutical applications.

Consumers seek "clean" and "natural" products based on their perception of safety. However, there is no standard, scientific basis, or regulatory oversight in the marketing or ingredient use for "clean" products. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of allergenic ingredients in "clean" products. Target and Walgreens Web sites were queried for "clean" products with inclusion of 1470 products. Ingredient lists were analyzed for potential allergens. Analysis included descriptive statistics and χ2 test. The most common allergens were fragrances/botanicals (1218/1470, 82.9%), phenoxyethanol (591/1470, 40.2%), tocopherol (545/1470, 40.2%), benzoic acid and benzoates (434/1470, 29.5%), propylene glycol (369/1470, 25.1%), alkyl glucosides (305/1470, 20.7%), ethylhexylglycerin (304/1470, 20.7%), cetyl alcohol (282/1470, 19.2%), cocamidopropyl betaine (258/1470, 17.6%), and benzyl alcohol (232/1470, 15.8%). Among fragrances/botanicals, the most common ingredients found were fragrance/perfume/aroma (911/1470, 68.2%), citrus derivatives (375/1470, 25.5%), linalool (305/1470, 20.7%), limonene (279/1470, 19.0%), and benzyl alcohol (231/1470, 15.7%). A total of 93.8% of the products (1379/1470) contained at least 1 potential allergen. Most "clean" products contain a potential allergen, predominately fragrances and botanicals.

Stearyl alcohol is found in various cosmetics and topical medications and is regarded as safe. Allergic contact dermatitis is reported due to this chemical on rare occasions. We report seven cases, comprising three men and four women aged between 36 and 62 between the years 2013 to 2019, of allergic contact dermatitis due to the use of topical medication, where the patient showed a positive result to a patch test using stearyl alcohol. There were 10 topical medications that we considered to be the cause of this: three were from Oronine ® H ointment, two from Eurax ® cream, one from Eurax H cream, and four from topical antifungal medications. All these medications contained stearyl alcohol. Seven cases of patch tests with stearyl alcohol all showed positive results. Moreover, having done a patch test with cetyl alcohol, two out of three tests showed positive. When researching allergic contact dermatitis due to topical medications, it is important to test for allergy to stearyl alcohol as well as their main ingredients, because it is contained in numerous products and has the ability to cause allergic contact dermatitis.

Fatty alcohol-polysorbate 60-water ternary systems were used as models to represent the continuous phases of the respective semisolid oil-in-water emulsions for topical delivery of cosmetic and medicinal agents. The influence of batch variation of polysorbate 60 and fatty alcohol on structure and consistency of these systems was investigated using microscopy, rheology, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray scattering techniques. The polysorbate 60 : cetostearyl alcohol mixed emulsifying wax showed swelling in water, that is, the lamellar repeat distance continually augmented from 93 to 125 Å with water percentage 20-90%. Cetostearyl alcohol ternary systems were thicker than cetyl alcohol ones independently of polysorbate 60 batches used. All the ternary systems showed an initial increase in consistency over the first 2 weeks of storage, which was followed by slight changes in consistency (cetostearyl alcohol systems) due to the re-allocation of polysorbate 60 molecules in the gel network or significant breakdown of structure (cetyl alcohol systems) due to the transformation of swollen α-lamellar gel phase into β, γ crystals on 25°C storage. With all fatty alcohols, the consistency of polysorbate 60 ternary system was directly dependent upon interlamellar water thickness as governed by the length and distribution of polyoxyethylene groups within polysorbate 60 molecules. In relation with the composition of polysorbate 60 batches used, the consistency of ternary systems was higher when prepared with the polysorbate 60 batch containing a greater amount of sorbitan polyoxyethylene monoesters. It was proposed that the swollen α-crystalline gel phase could be better formed by sorbitan polyoxyethylene monoesters rather than sorbitan polyoxyethylene diesters. Des systemes ternaires alcool gras-polysorbate 60-eau ont été utilisés comme modèles pour représenter les phases continues des émulsions huile-dans-eau semi-solides respectives pour l'administration topique d'agents cosmétiques et médicinaux. L'influence de la variation des lots de polysorbate 60 et d'alcool gras sur la structure et la consistance de ces systèmes a été étudiée en utilisant la microscopie, la rhéologie et la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage et la diffusion des rayons X. La cire émulsifiante mixte polysorbate 60 : alcool cétostearylique a montré un gonflement dans l'eau, c'est-à-dire que la distance de répétition du motif lamellaire a continuellement augmentée de 93 à 125 A° avec un pourcentage d'eau de 20-90%. Les systèmes ternaires d'alcool cétostearylique étaient plus épais que ceux d'alcool cétylique indépendamment des lots de polysorbate 60 utilisés. Tous les systèmes ternaires ont montré une augmentation initiale de la consistance au cours des 2 premières semaines de stockage, qui a été suivie par de légers changements de consistance (systèmes d'alcool cétostearylique) en raison de la re-affectation des molécules de polysorbate 60 dans le réseau de gel ou d’une rupture significative de structure (systèmes d'alcool cétylique) en raison de la transformation des phases lamellaires gonfles de type α-gel en cristaux β, γ conservés a 25°C. Avec tous les alcools gras, la consistance du système ternaire polysorbate 60 dépendait directement de l'épaisseur inter lamellaire de l'eau car gouverné par la longueur et la distribution des groupes de polyoxyethylène au sein des molécules de polysorbate 60. En relation avec la composition des lots de polysorbate 60 utilisés, la consistance des systèmes ternaires était plus élevée lorsque préparé avec le lot de polysorbate 60 contenant une plus gran

Solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) represent a promising approach for drug delivery in anti-acne applications. In this study, asiatic acid-loaded SLMs (AASLMs) were prepared by melt emulsification method in conjunction with freeze-drying. Comprehensive evaluations comprised particle size, %entrapment efficiency (%EE), %labeled amount (%LA), surface morphology, stability, %release, %skin permeation, and anti-acne activity. The AASLMs exhibited an average particle size ranging from 7.46 to 38.86 µm, with %EE and %LA falling within the range of 31.56 to 100.00 and 90.43 to 95.38, respectively. The AASLMs demonstrated a spherical shape under scanning electron microscopy, and maintained stability over a 3-month period. Notably, formulations with 10 % and 15 % cetyl alcohol stabilized with poloxamer-188 (specifically F6 and F12) displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 75 mg/ml against Cutibacterium acnes. Furthermore, F12 exhibited a higher %release and %skin permeation compared to F6 over 24 h. In a single-blind clinical trial involving fifteen participants with mild-to-moderate acne, F12 showcased its potential not only in reducing porphyrin intensity and enhancing skin barriers but also in significantly improving skin hydration and brightness. However, further investigations with larger subject cohorts encompassing diverse age groups and genders are necessary to thoroughly establish the performance of the developed AASLMs.

Pharmacological properties of Quercus infectoria Olivier (galls) have been determined to be astringent, antidiabetic, antipyretic, anti-tremor, local anesthetic, and anti-parkinsonism. The galls of Quercus infectoria have been used for millennia in traditional oriental medicine in Asian nations to treat inflammatory illnesses. The study's objective was to create a Quercus infectoria Olivier gall extract in stable water in oil (w/o) emulsion and to check its effects on the mechanical properties of skin and antiaging effects. The galls were macerated in absolute methanol. Quercus infectoria Olivier gall extract's antioxidant property was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) technique. Stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, KOH, glycerin, and distilled water were used to create the emulsion. The test (with extract) and control (without extract) emulsions were made, respectively, using the same process. Stability tests (color, liquefaction, microscopy, phase separation, and pH) are performed in in vitro, lasted 72 days at four distinct storage temperatures that is 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 40°C + 75% RH for both the control and test formulations. By using spectrophotometry, the (SPF) sun protection factors of the two formulations were calculated at various concentrations. Extract from Quercus infectoria underwent phytochemical investigation as well. The results showed that Quercus infectoria Olivier has antioxidant and (SPF) sun protection properties, reduce sebum, increases elasticity and stable emulsion containing 04% Quercus infectoria gall extract which might be used as topical antiaging formulation.