# SUCCINIC ACID (succinic-acid) — Global Cosmetic Regulatory & Formulation Monograph

- **Canonical URL**: https://www.inciname.com/en/ingredients/succinic-acid
- **Standard INCI**: `SUCCINIC ACID`
- **KR MFDS Standard Name**: `석시닉애씨드`
- **CAS No.**: `110-15-6`
- **EC / EINECS No.**: `203-740-4`
- **Origin**: `synthetic`
- **Functions**: pH조절제, 향료, 완충제
- **Molecular Formula / MW**: `C4H6O4` (118.09 g/mol)

## 1. 7-Track Official Regulatory Label Names
| Track | Official Label Nomenclature |
| :--- | :--- |
| KR (MFDS Standard) | 석시닉애씨드 |
| KR (Former Names) | — |
| EU (CosIng 1223/2009) | SUCCINIC ACID |
| US (PCPC / MoCRA INCI) | SUCCINIC ACID |
| US (FDA OTC Monograph) | — |
| CN (NMPA IECIC) | 琥珀酸 |
| JP (JCIA / MHLW QD) | SUCCINIC ACID  |

## 2. Layer 1 — Global 6-Region Statutory Summary
- **KR (MFDS)**: `none`
- **EU (1223/2009)**: `none`
- **US (FDA/MoCRA)**: `none`
- **CN (NMPA IECIC)**: `allowed` (Entry: `2964`)
- **JP (MHLW)**: `none`
- **ASEAN (ACD)**: `none`



## 3. Layer 2 — Toxicological & Historical Safe Use Concentrations
- **cn_iecic_max** (leave_on): ≤ 2.5% — NMPA IECIC (2025) Entry 02815 (2025)
- **cn_iecic_max** (rinse_off): ≤ 2% — NMPA IECIC (2025) Entry 02815 (2025)

## 4. Layer 3 — Formulation Quartiles & Compatibility
- **Optimal pH Window**: 4.2 – 5.5
- **Max Process Temp**: ≤ 75°C
- **Synergy Pairings**: NIACINAMIDE, ZINC PCA, PROPANEDIOL, 4-TERPINEOL, POLYACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER-6
- **Incompatibilities**: Recrystallizes as needle crystals at 4°C if formulated > 1.5% at unneutralized low pH (<3.8); must use Propanediol co-solvent and partially neutralize to pH 4.3~5.0; Collapses standard Carbomer gels; use SEPIMAX ZEN or Xanthan Gum

## 5. Academic Monograph
■ [1. Chemical Identity & International Labeling Nomenclature]
  - INCI Name: SUCCINIC ACID | CAS No.: 110-15-6 | EC No.: 203-740-4
  - Origin: SYNTHETIC | Functions: pH, , 
  - Physicochemical Profile: Formula C4H6O4 | MW 118.09 g/mol | LogP -0.59 | Ionic Nature: anionic | PubChem CID 1110
  - Official Regional Label Names: US [SUCCINIC ACID] · EU [SUCCINIC ACID] · CN [琥珀酸] · JP [-] · JP Quasi-Drug [-]
■ [2. Dermatological Mechanism of Action & Functional Role]
  - SUCCINIC ACID functions primarily as pH, ,  in dermatological and cosmetic formulations. Classified under origin 'synthetic', it acts within the cosmetic vehicle or stratum corneum to deliver pH, ,  performance and structural formulation stability.
■ [3. Global 6-Jurisdiction Regulatory Status & Safety Limits (Layer 1 & Layer 2)]
  - Regional Summary: KR: NONE | EU: NONE | US: NONE | CN: ALLOWED | JP: NONE | ASEAN: NONE (CN IECIC (2025) Entry No. 2964 (琥珀酸))
  - No specific Annex prohibition or numeric restriction across the 6 major jurisdictions (Permitted under general GMP safety assessment).
  - Official Safety & Historical Use Concentration (Layer 2): CN_IECIC_2025 (cn_iecic_max, leave_on): Max 2.5% / CN_IECIC_2025 (cn_iecic_max, rinse_off): Max 2.0%
■ [4. Formulation Dosage Guide by Product Category (Layer 3-A)]
  - [aqueous_serum] Typical range: 0.5 ~ 2.0% (Median 1.5%, Ref: Roquette Beauté by Roquette SA 130 TDS & PubMed C. acnes Studies) — Bio-based gentle blemish & sebum-control organic acid (BHA alternative)
■ [5. Formulation Engineering, Stability & Incompatibility Matrix (Layer 3-B)]
  - Addition Phase: Water Phase (Dissolve with Propanediol/Butylene Glycol and partially neutralize to pH 4.2~5.0 with Arginine/Tromethamine/NaOH)
  - Optimal pH Range: pH 4.2 ~ 5.5 | Max Process Temp: Max 75°C | Electrolyte Tolerance: NONE
  - Incompatibility / Caution: Recrystallizes as needle crystals at 4°C if formulated > 1.5% at unneutralized low pH (<3.8); must use Propanediol co-solvent and partially neutralize to pH 4.3~5.0
  - Incompatibility / Caution: Collapses standard Carbomer gels; use SEPIMAX ZEN or Xanthan Gum
  - Synergy Pairings: NIACINAMIDE, ZINC PCA, PROPANEDIOL, 4-TERPINEOL, POLYACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER-6 | Reference Trade Names: Beauté by Roquette® SA 130
■ [6. Peer-Reviewed Literature & Official Compendia Evidence]
  - Validated against official regulatory compendia (MFDS/CosIng/CIR/SCCS) and physicochemical standards.

## 6. Linked PubMed Literature