# SODIUM BENZOATE (sodium-benzoate) — Global Cosmetic Regulatory & Formulation Monograph

- **Canonical URL**: https://www.inciname.com/en/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- **Standard INCI**: `SODIUM BENZOATE`
- **KR MFDS Standard Name**: `소듐벤조에이트`
- **CAS No.**: `532-32-1`
- **EC / EINECS No.**: `208-534-8`
- **Origin**: `synthetic`
- **Functions**: 향료, 방부제, 부식방지제
- **Molecular Formula / MW**: `C7H5NaO2` (144.1 g/mol)

## 1. 7-Track Official Regulatory Label Names
| Track | Official Label Nomenclature |
| :--- | :--- |
| KR (MFDS Standard) | 소듐벤조에이트 |
| KR (Former Names) | — |
| EU (CosIng 1223/2009) | SODIUM BENZOATE |
| US (PCPC / MoCRA INCI) | SODIUM BENZOATE |
| US (FDA OTC Monograph) | — |
| CN (NMPA IECIC) | 苯甲酸钠 |
| JP (JCIA / MHLW QD) | 安息香酸Ｎａ (QD: 安息香酸ナトリウム) |

## 2. Layer 1 — Global 6-Region Statutory Summary
- **KR (MFDS)**: `restricted`
- **EU (1223/2009)**: `restricted`
- **US (FDA/MoCRA)**: `none`
- **CN (NMPA IECIC)**: `restricted` (Entry: `1289`)
- **JP (MHLW)**: `none`
- **ASEAN (ACD)**: `restricted`



## 3. Layer 2 — Toxicological & Historical Safe Use Concentrations
- **reported_use** (eye): 0.00001~0.4% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (ingestion): 0.001~0.6% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (spray): 0.0001~0.5% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (dermal): 0.000001~1% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (deodorant): 0.5~0.5% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (hair): 0.000005~1% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (hair_dye): 0.008~0.5% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (nail): 0.00001~0.001% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (mucous): 0.0004~1% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (bath): 0.004~1% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (baby): 0.3~1% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (leave_on): 0.000001~1% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (rinse_off): 0.000001~1% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (total): 0.000001~1% — 119_draft_benzyl.pdf (null)
- **reported_use** (powder): 0.3~0.3% — 120_final_ba.pdf (null)
- **cn_iecic_max** (leave_on): ≤ 2.5% — NMPA IECIC (2025) Entry 00975 (2025)
- **cn_iecic_max** (rinse_off): ≤ 0.5% — NMPA IECIC (2025) Entry 00975 (2025)

## 4. Layer 3 — Formulation Quartiles & Compatibility
- **Optimal pH Window**: 3.5 – 5.2
- **Max Process Temp**: ≤ 80°C
- **Synergy Pairings**: POTASSIUM SORBATE, CITRIC ACID, GLUCONOLACTONE, XANTHAN GUM
- **Incompatibilities**: Loses antimicrobial activity completely at pH > 5.5 (requires pH 4.0~5.2); Strong electrolyte that collapses Carbomer gels; Never combine with Ascorbic Acid in the presence of trace metal ions/UV due to potential trace benzene formation

## 5. Academic Monograph
■ [1. Chemical Identity & International Labeling Nomenclature]
  - INCI Name: SODIUM BENZOATE | CAS No.: 532-32-1 | EC No.: 208-534-8
  - Origin: SYNTHETIC | Functions: , , 
  - Physicochemical Profile: Formula C7H5NaO2 | MW 144.1 g/mol | LogP -2.27 | Ionic Nature: anionic | PubChem CID 517055
  - Official Regional Label Names: US [SODIUM BENZOATE] · EU [SODIUM BENZOATE] · CN [苯甲酸钠] · JP [安息香酸Ｎａ] · JP Quasi-Drug [安息香酸ナトリウム]
■ [2. Dermatological Mechanism of Action & Functional Role]
  - Sodium Benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid that conforms to the formula: Classified under origin 'synthetic', it acts within the cosmetic vehicle or stratum corneum to deliver , ,  performance and structural formulation stability.
■ [3. Global 6-Jurisdiction Regulatory Status & Safety Limits (Layer 1 & Layer 2)]
  - Regional Summary: KR: RESTRICTED | EU: RESTRICTED | US: NONE | CN: RESTRICTED | JP: NONE | ASEAN: RESTRICTED (CN IECIC (2025) Entry No. 1289 (苯甲酸钠))
  - [KR / COMPOSITION / limited] (Max 0.5%): 
  - [EU / COMPOSITION / limited] (Max 0.5%): 
  - [KR / OFFICIAL / restricted] (Max 0.5%): KR MFDS Annex 2 (as Benzoic Acid): Max 0.5% leave-on, Max 2.5% rinse-off, Max 1.7% oral care.
  - Official Safety & Historical Use Concentration (Layer 2): cir (reported_use, eye): 1e-05~0.4% / cir (reported_use, ingestion): 0.001~0.6% / cir (reported_use, spray): 0.0001~0.5%
■ [4. Formulation Dosage Guide by Product Category (Layer 3-A)]
  - [cleanser_rinse] Typical range: 0.15 ~ 1.0% (Median 0.4%, Ref: EU Annex V #1 & CIR Benzoic Acid Assessment) — COSMOS-certified organic acid salt preservative for mild cleansers
  - [aqueous_serum] Typical range: 0.1 ~ 0.5% (Median 0.3%, Ref: KR/EU Preservative Notice Annex) — Low-pH toner organic salt preservative (Leave-on max 0.5% as acid)
  - [emulsion_cream] Typical range: 0.15 ~ 1.0% (Median 0.15%, Ref: Global Starter Formulation Library Statistical Distribution (n=7, GRANT 4 · SEPPIC 2 · EVONIK 1)) — Emulsion cream & lotion structural / conditioning agent
■ [5. Formulation Engineering, Stability & Incompatibility Matrix (Layer 3-B)]
  - Addition Phase: Water Phase (Adjust final pH ≤ 5.2)
  - Optimal pH Range: pH 3.5 ~ 5.2 | Max Process Temp: Max 80°C | Electrolyte Tolerance: NONE
  - Incompatibility / Caution: Loses antimicrobial activity completely at pH > 5.5 (requires pH 4.0~5.2)
  - Incompatibility / Caution: Strong electrolyte that collapses Carbomer gels
  - Incompatibility / Caution: Never combine with Ascorbic Acid in the presence of trace metal ions/UV due to potential trace benzene formation
  - Synergy Pairings: POTASSIUM SORBATE, CITRIC ACID, GLUCONOLACTONE, XANTHAN GUM | Reference Trade Names: Purox® S, Euxyl® K 712 (with Potassium Sorbate)
■ [6. Peer-Reviewed Literature & Official Compendia Evidence]
  - PMID 42309282 (2026, J Am Acad Dermatol): Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Personal Care Products: A Focus on Established and Emerging Allergens
  - PMID 42163615 (2026, Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem): Design of Antiacne Gel Containing Phloretin
  - PMID 41638886 (2026, Contact Dermatitis): Preservatives in Leave-On Cosmetics Available on the Dutch Market

## 6. Linked PubMed Literature
- [PMID: 42309282] Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Personal Care Products: A Focus on Established and Emerging Allergens — *J Am Acad Dermatol* (2026)
- [PMID: 42163615] Design of Antiacne Gel Containing Phloretin — *Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem* (2026)
- [PMID: 41638886] Preservatives in Leave-On Cosmetics Available on the Dutch Market — *Contact Dermatitis* (2026)
- [PMID: 41560442] Solid Shampoo Is Mostly Not Preserved, in Contrast to Liquid Shampoos Used in Hairdressing-A Market Survey in Four European Countries — *Contact Dermatitis* (2026)
- [PMID: 41503662] Mint condition? A survey of allergenic ingredients in UK toothpastes — *Clin Exp Dermatol* (2026)
- [PMID: 39519584] Sodium Benzoate Induces Fat Accumulation and Reduces Lifespan via the SKN-1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway: Evidence from the Caenorhabditis elegans Model — *Nutrients* (2024)
- [PMID: 39106537] Zinc abates sodium benzoate -induced testicular dysfunction via upregulation of Nrf2/ HO-1/ Nf-κB signaling and androgen receptor gene — *J Trace Elem Med Biol* (2024)
- [PMID: 41551184] Parental sodium benzoate diet induces fat accumulation in offspring via histone H3K9me3 and SKN-1/Nrf2 — *Curr Res Food Sci* (2026)
- [PMID: 41385803] Integrating multi-wavelength HPLC fingerprinting and electrochemical profiling with chemometrics for comprehensive quality assessment of Kangfuxin Liquid — *J Pharm Biomed Anal* (2026)
- [PMID: 40404584] Sodium Benzoate Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation and Accelerates Bone Loss by Regulating the FGF2/p38/RUNX2 Pathway — *J Agric Food Chem* (2025)
- [PMID: 39598707] Development of Alginate Hydrogels Incorporating Essential Oils Loaded in Chitosan Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications — *Molecules* (2024)
- [PMID: 28613520] Cocaine(Archived) — *PubMed Journal* (2026)