# PROPYLPARABEN (propylparaben) — Global Cosmetic Regulatory & Formulation Monograph

- **Canonical URL**: https://www.inciname.com/en/ingredients/propylparaben
- **Standard INCI**: `PROPYLPARABEN`
- **KR MFDS Standard Name**: `프로필파라벤`
- **CAS No.**: `94-13-3`
- **EC / EINECS No.**: `202-307-7`
- **Origin**: `synthetic`
- **Functions**: 방부제, 향료
- **Molecular Formula / MW**: `—` (— g/mol)

## 1. 7-Track Official Regulatory Label Names
| Track | Official Label Nomenclature |
| :--- | :--- |
| KR (MFDS Standard) | 프로필파라벤 |
| KR (Former Names) | — |
| EU (CosIng 1223/2009) | PROPYLPARABEN |
| US (PCPC / MoCRA INCI) | PROPYLPARABEN |
| US (FDA OTC Monograph) | — |
| CN (NMPA IECIC) | 羟苯丙酯 |
| JP (JCIA / MHLW QD) | PROPYLPARABEN  |

## 2. Layer 1 — Global 6-Region Statutory Summary
- **KR (MFDS)**: `restricted`
- **EU (1223/2009)**: `restricted`
- **US (FDA/MoCRA)**: `none`
- **CN (NMPA IECIC)**: `allowed` (Entry: `5205`)
- **JP (MHLW)**: `none`
- **ASEAN (ACD)**: `none`

- **KR** [limited]: ≤ 0.8% —  (화장품 사용제한 원료 정보 (식약처 오픈API · 안전기준 [별표2]))
- **EU** [limited]: ≤ 0.14% —  (Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 Annex V — via CosIng (EU Commission))

## 3. Layer 2 — Toxicological & Historical Safe Use Concentrations
- **sccs_opinion** (all): ≤ 0.19% — undefined (undefined)

## 4. Layer 3 — Formulation Quartiles & Compatibility
- **Optimal pH Window**: 4 – 8
- **Max Process Temp**: ≤ 50°C
- **Synergy Pairings**: GLYCERIN, CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, TOCOPHEROL
- **Incompatibilities**: Verify phase compatibility under extreme pH or high electrolyte loads

## 5. Academic Monograph
■ [1. Chemical Identity & International Labeling Nomenclature]
  - INCI Name: PROPYLPARABEN | CAS No.: 94-13-3 | EC No.: 202-307-7
  - Origin: SYNTHETIC | Functions: , 
  - Physicochemical Profile: Formula      | MW /(Polymer/Complex) | /   | Ionic Nature: non-ionic | CosIng/MFDS 
  - Official Regional Label Names: US [PROPYLPARABEN] · EU [PROPYLPARABEN] · CN [羟苯丙酯] · JP [-] · JP Quasi-Drug [-]
■ [2. Dermatological Mechanism of Action & Functional Role]
  - Propylparaben is the ester of n-propyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It conforms to the formula: Classified under origin 'synthetic', it acts within the cosmetic vehicle or stratum corneum to deliver ,  performance and structural formulation stability.
■ [3. Global 6-Jurisdiction Regulatory Status & Safety Limits (Layer 1 & Layer 2)]
  - Regional Summary: KR: RESTRICTED | EU: RESTRICTED | US: NONE | CN: ALLOWED | JP: NONE | ASEAN: NONE (CN IECIC (2025) Entry No. 5205 (羟苯丙酯))
  - [KR / COMPOSITION / limited] (Max 0.8%): 
  - [EU / COMPOSITION / limited] (Max 0.14%): 
  - Official Safety & Historical Use Concentration (Layer 2): sccs (sccs_opinion, all): Max 0.19%
■ [4. Formulation Dosage Guide by Product Category (Layer 3-A)]
  - [aqueous_serum] Typical range: 0.1 ~ 1.0% (Median 0.3%, Ref: Global Starter Formulation Library Statistical Distribution (n=7, ELEMENTIS 7)) — Aqueous serum, toner & hydrogel matrix formulation component
  - [cleanser_rinse] Typical range: 0.1 ~ 0.3% (Median 0.3%, Ref: Global Starter Formulation Library Statistical Distribution (n=6, ELEMENTIS 6)) — Rinse-off cleanser & surfactant system modifier
  - [emulsion_cream] Typical range: 0.25 ~ 1.0% (Median 0.4%, Ref: Global Starter Formulation Library Statistical Distribution (n=8, ELEMENTIS 6 · SEPPIC 2)) — Emulsion cream & lotion structural / conditioning agent
■ [5. Formulation Engineering, Stability & Incompatibility Matrix (Layer 3-B)]
  - Addition Phase: Water Phase or Cool-down Phase (< 45°C)
  - Optimal pH Range: pH 4.0 ~ 8.0 | Max Process Temp: Max 50°C | Electrolyte Tolerance: MEDIUM
  - Incompatibility / Caution: Verify phase compatibility under extreme pH or high electrolyte loads
  - Synergy Pairings: GLYCERIN, CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, TOCOPHEROL | Reference Trade Names: PROPYLPARABEN
■ [6. Peer-Reviewed Literature & Official Compendia Evidence]
  - PMID 42276527 (2026, Reprod Toxicol): Propylparaben exposure may impair uterine decidualization via FDX1 downregulation and induce preeclampsia-like symptoms 
  - PMID 42043658 (2026, Vet Res Commun): Propylparaben exposure induces hematobiochemical alterations, genotoxicity oxidative stress and apoptosis in Labeo rohit
  - PMID 41893471 (2026, Toxics): Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Propylparaben in the Freshwater Snail Biomphalaria glabrata: Effects on Survival, Growth, 

## 6. Linked PubMed Literature
- [PMID: 42276527] Propylparaben exposure may impair uterine decidualization via FDX1 downregulation and induce preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice — *Reprod Toxicol* (2026)
- [PMID: 42043658] Propylparaben exposure induces hematobiochemical alterations, genotoxicity oxidative stress and apoptosis in Labeo rohita — *Vet Res Commun* (2026)
- [PMID: 41893471] Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Propylparaben in the Freshwater Snail Biomphalaria glabrata: Effects on Survival, Growth, Reproduction, and Histopathology — *Toxics* (2026)
- [PMID: 41632626] Photochemical Degradation of Sunscreen Chemicals in Sea Spray Aerosols — *Environ Sci Technol* (2026)
- [PMID: 41601030] Exposure to propylparaben induces craniofacial bone developmental toxicity through ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos — *Ecotoxicol Environ Saf* (2026)
- [PMID: 41572664] Assessing systemic absorption and estrogenic potential of methylparaben and propylparaben in consumer use — *Toxicol Ind Health* (2026)
- [PMID: 40908666] Permeability of 16 Straight- and Branched-Chain Parabens Using the Caco-2 Assay — *J Appl Toxicol* (2026)
- [PMID: 40879570] Comparative Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Assessment of Methylparaben and Propylparaben on Allium cepa Root Tips by Comet and Allium cepa Assays — *Environ Toxicol* (2025)
- [PMID: 40651348] Hidden costs of beauty: An in vitro study on the ecotoxicological impacts of ultraviolet filters and parabens on the bioindicator species Mytilus galloprovincialis — *Mar Pollut Bull* (2025)
- [PMID: 42273070] Development, characterization and in vitro evaluation of clobetasol propionate emulgel for topical delivery in dermatological inflammatory disorders — *3 Biotech* (2026)
- [PMID: 42001662] Levers to decrease exposure to harmful chemicals: the case of Personal Care Products and cosmetics — *Environ Int* (2026)
- [PMID: 41644853] From shelf to stream: occurrence of parabens in personal care products and urban waters of La Plata, Argentina — *Environ Monit Assess* (2026)