# CI 77491 (ci-77491) — Global Cosmetic Regulatory & Formulation Monograph

- **Canonical URL**: https://www.inciname.com/en/ingredients/ci-77491
- **Standard INCI**: `CI 77491`
- **KR MFDS Standard Name**: `적색산화철`
- **CAS No.**: `1309-37-1`
- **EC / EINECS No.**: `215-168-2`
- **Origin**: `mineral`
- **Functions**: 색소
- **Molecular Formula / MW**: `—` (— g/mol)

## 1. 7-Track Official Regulatory Label Names
| Track | Official Label Nomenclature |
| :--- | :--- |
| KR (MFDS Standard) | 적색산화철 |
| KR (Former Names) | — |
| EU (CosIng 1223/2009) | CI 77491 |
| US (PCPC / MoCRA INCI) | IRON OXIDES |
| US (FDA OTC Monograph) | — |
| CN (NMPA IECIC) | CI 77491 |
| JP (JCIA / MHLW QD) | CI 77491  |

## 2. Layer 1 — Global 6-Region Statutory Summary
- **KR (MFDS)**: `allowed`
- **EU (1223/2009)**: `noted`
- **US (FDA/MoCRA)**: `none`
- **CN (NMPA IECIC)**: `allowed` (Entry: `367`)
- **JP (MHLW)**: `none`
- **ASEAN (ACD)**: `restricted`



## 3. Layer 2 — Toxicological & Historical Safe Use Concentrations
- Listed within general cosmetic GMP safety thresholds.

## 4. Layer 3 — Formulation Quartiles & Compatibility
- **Optimal pH Window**: 4 – 8
- **Max Process Temp**: ≤ 50°C
- **Synergy Pairings**: GLYCERIN, CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, TOCOPHEROL
- **Incompatibilities**: Verify phase compatibility under extreme pH or high electrolyte loads

## 5. Academic Monograph
■ [1. Chemical Identity & International Labeling Nomenclature]
  - INCI Name: CI 77491 | CAS No.: 1309-37-1 | EC No.: 215-168-2
  - Origin: MINERAL | Functions: 
  - Physicochemical Profile: Formula      | MW /(Polymer/Complex) | /   | Ionic Nature: non-ionic | CosIng/MFDS 
  - Official Regional Label Names: US [IRON OXIDES] · EU [CI 77491] · CN [CI 77491] · JP [-] · JP Quasi-Drug [-]
■ [2. Dermatological Mechanism of Action & Functional Role]
  - CI 77491 is classed chemically as an inorganic colour. It consists chiefly of ferric oxide that conforms to the formula: Classified under origin 'mineral', it acts within the cosmetic vehicle or stratum corneum to deliver  performance and structural formulation stability.
■ [3. Global 6-Jurisdiction Regulatory Status & Safety Limits (Layer 1 & Layer 2)]
  - Regional Summary: KR: ALLOWED | EU: NOTED | US: NONE | CN: ALLOWED | JP: NONE | ASEAN: RESTRICTED (CN IECIC (2025) Entry No. 367 (CI 77491))
  - [EU / COMPOSITION / noted]: 
  - [EU / COMPOSITION / noted]: 
  - [EU / COMPOSITION / noted]: 
  - Official Safety & Historical Use Concentration (Layer 2): Quantum satis (QS) within standard cosmetic safety margins
■ [4. Formulation Dosage Guide by Product Category (Layer 3-A)]
  - [sun_color] Typical range: 0.06 ~ 1.5% (Median 0.12%, Ref: Global Starter Formulation Library Statistical Distribution (n=6, EVONIK 5 · ELEMENTIS 1)) — Sun care & color cosmetics dispersion / sensory modifier
■ [5. Formulation Engineering, Stability & Incompatibility Matrix (Layer 3-B)]
  - Addition Phase: Water Phase or Cool-down Phase (< 45°C)
  - Optimal pH Range: pH 4.0 ~ 8.0 | Max Process Temp: Max 50°C | Electrolyte Tolerance: MEDIUM
  - Incompatibility / Caution: Verify phase compatibility under extreme pH or high electrolyte loads
  - Synergy Pairings: GLYCERIN, CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, TOCOPHEROL | Reference Trade Names: CI 77491
■ [6. Peer-Reviewed Literature & Official Compendia Evidence]
  - PMID 42310896 (2026, Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed): Enhancing Photoprotection: Assessing Visible Light Photoprotection in Tinted Inorganic Sunscreens
  - PMID 42171303 (2026, Dalton Trans): Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their attachment to a zinc oxide-iron oxide hybrid structure: analyte-mediated enh
  - PMID 42081626 (2026, J Drugs Dermatol): Iron Oxides in Tinted Sunscreen for Hyperpigmentation: A Product Analysis and Literature Review

## 6. Linked PubMed Literature
- [PMID: 42310896] Enhancing Photoprotection: Assessing Visible Light Photoprotection in Tinted Inorganic Sunscreens — *Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed* (2026)
- [PMID: 42171303] Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their attachment to a zinc oxide-iron oxide hybrid structure: analyte-mediated enhanced peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection — *Dalton Trans* (2026)
- [PMID: 42081626] Iron Oxides in Tinted Sunscreen for Hyperpigmentation: A Product Analysis and Literature Review — *J Drugs Dermatol* (2026)
- [PMID: 41821151] Evaluation of Tinted Sunscreens Protection Against Blue Light Using Transmittance Spectroscopy In Vitro Technique — *Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed* (2026)
- [PMID: 41764231] Alleviation of tannery wastewater toxicity in Spinacia oleracea through application of metal oxide nanoparticles — *Sci Rep* (2026)
- [PMID: 41599290] Peptide-Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Targeting Strategies, Mechanisms, and Translational Opportunities — *Molecules* (2026)
- [PMID: 41297825] Synergistic photocatalytic and adsorptive removal of organic dyes using ZnO-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles incorporated into guar gum-carboxymethyl cellulose biopolymer matrix — *Int J Biol Macromol* (2026)
- [PMID: 41240810] Nano-engineered biochar effectively mitigates salinity stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through integrative physiological mechanisms — *Plant Physiol Biochem* (2025)
- [PMID: 41222307] Impact of an ultra-low dose of superparamagnetic iron oxide on postoperative breast MRI artifacts and skin discoloration in patients with breast cancer — *Scand J Surg* (2026)
- [PMID: 41120501] Secret elixirs of nature: extract type shapes the phytochemical-mediated synthesis and anticancer potential of ZnO and Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles from Salvadora persica — *Sci Rep* (2025)
- [PMID: 40803403] Magnetic Fe(2)O(3)/g-C(3)N(4)/ZnO@Bentonite quaternary heterojunction for solar-light-driven photocatalytic removal of clomipramine drug — *Environ Res* (2025)
- [PMID: 40752742] Beyond the ink: cellular and molecular effects of iron-based pigments on macrophages — *NanoImpact* (2025)