# BUTYLENE GLYCOL (butylene-glycol) — Global Cosmetic Regulatory & Formulation Monograph

- **Canonical URL**: https://www.inciname.com/en/ingredients/butylene-glycol
- **Standard INCI**: `BUTYLENE GLYCOL`
- **KR MFDS Standard Name**: `부틸렌글라이콜`
- **CAS No.**: `107-88-0`
- **EC / EINECS No.**: `203-529-7`
- **Origin**: `synthetic`
- **Functions**: 보습제, 향료, 피부컨디셔닝제, 용제, 점도조절제
- **Molecular Formula / MW**: `C4H10O2` (90.12 g/mol)

## 1. 7-Track Official Regulatory Label Names
| Track | Official Label Nomenclature |
| :--- | :--- |
| KR (MFDS Standard) | 부틸렌글라이콜 |
| KR (Former Names) | — |
| EU (CosIng 1223/2009) | BUTYLENE GLYCOL |
| US (PCPC / MoCRA INCI) | BUTYLENE GLYCOL |
| US (FDA OTC Monograph) | — |
| CN (NMPA IECIC) | 丁二醇 |
| JP (JCIA / MHLW QD) | ＢＧ (QD: １，３－ブチレングリコール) |

## 2. Layer 1 — Global 6-Region Statutory Summary
- **KR (MFDS)**: `none`
- **EU (1223/2009)**: `none`
- **US (FDA/MoCRA)**: `none`
- **CN (NMPA IECIC)**: `allowed` (Entry: `1946`)
- **JP (MHLW)**: `none`
- **ASEAN (ACD)**: `none`



## 3. Layer 2 — Toxicological & Historical Safe Use Concentrations
- **cn_iecic_max** (leave_on): ≤ 84% — NMPA IECIC (2025) Entry 00083 (2025)
- **cn_iecic_max** (rinse_off): ≤ 50% — NMPA IECIC (2025) Entry 00083 (2025)

## 4. Layer 3 — Formulation Quartiles & Compatibility
- **Optimal pH Window**: 2 – 12
- **Max Process Temp**: ≤ 90°C
- **Synergy Pairings**: GLYCERIN, 1,2-HEXANEDIOL, CHLORPHENESIN, MADECASSOSIDE
- **Incompatibilities**: Universally compatible polyol across all pH and temperature ranges

## 5. Academic Monograph
■ [1. Chemical Identity & International Labeling Nomenclature]
  - INCI Name: BUTYLENE GLYCOL | CAS No.: 107-88-0 | EC No.: 203-529-7
  - Origin: SYNTHETIC | Functions: , , , , 
  - Physicochemical Profile: Formula C4H10O2 | MW 90.12 g/mol | LogP -0.92 | Ionic Nature: non-ionic | PubChem CID 7896
  - Official Regional Label Names: US [BUTYLENE GLYCOL] · EU [BUTYLENE GLYCOL] · CN [丁二醇] · JP [ＢＧ] · JP Quasi-Drug [１，３－ブチレングリコール]
■ [2. Dermatological Mechanism of Action & Functional Role]
  - BUTYLENE GLYCOL functions primarily as , , , ,  in dermatological and cosmetic formulations. Classified under origin 'synthetic', it acts within the cosmetic vehicle or stratum corneum to deliver , , , ,  performance and structural formulation stability.
■ [3. Global 6-Jurisdiction Regulatory Status & Safety Limits (Layer 1 & Layer 2)]
  - Regional Summary: KR: NONE | EU: NONE | US: NONE | CN: ALLOWED | JP: NONE | ASEAN: NONE (CN IECIC (2025) Entry No. 1946 (丁二醇))
  - No specific Annex prohibition or numeric restriction across the 6 major jurisdictions (Permitted under general GMP safety assessment).
  - Official Safety & Historical Use Concentration (Layer 2): CN_IECIC_2025 (cn_iecic_max, leave_on): Max 84.0% / CN_IECIC_2025 (cn_iecic_max, rinse_off): Max 50.0%
■ [4. Formulation Dosage Guide by Product Category (Layer 3-A)]
  - [aqueous_serum] Typical range: 2.0 ~ 15.0% (Median 5.0%, Ref: CIR Butylene Glycol Safety Assessment) — Non-tacky humectant, botanical solvent & antimicrobial booster
  - [emulsion_cream] Typical range: 2.0 ~ 12.0% (Median 5.0%, Ref: CIR Butylene Glycol Reported Use) — Sensory enhancer, freeze-thaw stabilizer & co-solvent
  - [anhydrous_balm] Typical range: 2.0 ~ 10.0% (Median 2.5%, Ref: Global Starter Formulation Library Statistical Distribution (n=8, GRANT 5 · EVONIK 2 · SEPPIC 1)) — Anhydrous balm, oil & stick structural emollient
■ [5. Formulation Engineering, Stability & Incompatibility Matrix (Layer 3-B)]
  - Addition Phase: Water Phase
  - Optimal pH Range: pH 2.0 ~ 12.0 | Max Process Temp: Max 90°C | Electrolyte Tolerance: HIGH
  - Incompatibility / Caution: Universally compatible polyol across all pH and temperature ranges
  - Synergy Pairings: GLYCERIN, 1,2-HEXANEDIOL, CHLORPHENESIN, MADECASSOSIDE | Reference Trade Names: 1,3-BG, Hydrolite® 4
■ [6. Peer-Reviewed Literature & Official Compendia Evidence]
  - PMID 41625414 (2025, Skin Appendage Disord): Topical Cetirizine in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Preliminary Study
  - PMID 39741562 (2024, Dermatol Res Pract): The Role of Moisturizer Containing Anti-inflammatory on Skin Hydration in Mild-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis Patients
  - PMID 39306147 (2024, Biotechnol Adv): Advances in biosynthesis and downstream processing of diols

## 6. Linked PubMed Literature
- [PMID: 41625414] Topical Cetirizine in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Preliminary Study — *Skin Appendage Disord* (2025)
- [PMID: 39741562] The Role of Moisturizer Containing Anti-inflammatory on Skin Hydration in Mild-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis Patients — *Dermatol Res Pract* (2024)
- [PMID: 39306147] Advances in biosynthesis and downstream processing of diols — *Biotechnol Adv* (2024)
- [PMID: 39248485] Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology — *J Vis Exp* (2024)
- [PMID: 39153997] Deciphering trends in replacing preservatives in cosmetics intended for infants and sensitive population — *Sci Rep* (2024)
- [PMID: 38885151] Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Topical Preparations Containing Minoxidil: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis — *Dermatitis* (2025)
- [PMID: 38774328] Optimizing ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Canthium horridum blume leaves utilizing polyols: A study on skin-related activities — *Heliyon* (2024)
- [PMID: 37783239] Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced production of 1,3-butanediol from glucose — *Bioresour Technol* (2023)
- [PMID: 37699769] Effects of 1,3-propanediol associated, or not, with butylene glycol and/or glycerol on skin hydration and skin barrier function — *Int J Cosmet Sci* (2024)
- [PMID: 42266070] Short-Chain Diol Effects on the Self-Assembly of Polyoxyethylene Oleyl Ethers in Dilute Aqueous Solutions and Their Cosmetic Applications — *J Phys Chem B* (2026)
- [PMID: 38794349] Formulation of Ascorbic Acid and Betaine-based Therapeutic Deep Eutectic System for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Ascorbic Acid — *Pharmaceutics* (2024)
- [PMID: 41171461] Effect of Nitrosative Stress on Biofilm Formation and Upregulation of 2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae — *Curr Microbiol* (2025)